2/15/2019 Blogger: PAF - Edit post
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01.  imperative programming, you use assignment statements to locate some information in        memory to use it later. The wide use of looping statements allows executing sequences        of statements. If you want to check whether some condition is met before performing            some actions, you can use conditional branching statements....
       imperative programming is probably the most widely spread paradigm. The most                  popular examples of imperative programming languages are C++, Java,and PHP




02..Functional programming is also used when you need to be capable of proving your code is            correct. This is much harder to do with procedural programming
       A functional language (ideally) allows you to write a mathematical function      a function that takes arguments and returns a value. If the program is executed, this function        is logically evaluated as needed.                    Often recursive. Always returns the same output for a given input. Order of evaluation is usually undefined. Must be stateless. i.e. No operation can have side effects. Good fit for parallel execution Tends to emphasize a divide and conquer approach. May have the feature of Lazy Evaluation.


Procedural languages tend to keep track of state (using variables) and tend to execute as a sequence of steps. Purely functional languages don't keep track of state, use immutable values, and tend to execute as a series of dependencies. In many cases the status of the call stack will hold the information that would be equivalent to that which would be stored in state variables in procedural code.


The output of a routine does not always have a direct correlation with the input. Everything is done in a specific order. Execution of a routine may have side effects. Tends to emphasize implementing solutions in a linear fashion.



03.source of the name “lambda expression” in languages like Haskell and Lisp- expressions that introduce            unnamed local functions. The only other thing you can do in the Lambda Calculus is to call functions …              related phenomena such as variable binding and substitution. The functional programming languages use,        as their fundamental model of computation, the lambda calculus, while all the other programming
       source of the name “lambda expression” in languages like Haskell and Lisp- expressions that introduce            unnamed local functions. The only other thing you can do in the Lambda Calculus is to call functions …              related phenomena such as variable binding and substitution. The functional programming languages use,        as their fundamental model of computation, the lambda calculus, while all the other programming

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07. Scripting language - usually use an interpreter or some running application to take          programming commands and turn them into instructions to be executed. Scripting languages are programming languages, but they fit into a category called interpreted languages (i.e. Python, Ruby, PHP). You can write full featured applications with scripting languages.
 Markup = descriptions of how text and other forms of components should appear in a certain context (i.e. HTML, hypertext markup language - is the instructions for the context of a web page).

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10. §     Step 1: Start with content. As a starting point, we’ll write up raw text content and see what browsers do with it. §     Step 2: Give the document structure. You’ll learn about HTML element syntax and the elements that give a document its structure. §     Step 3: Identify text elements. You’ll describe the content using the appropriate text elements and learn about the proper way to use HTML. §     Step 4: Add an image. By adding an image to the page, you’ll learn about attributes and empty elements. §     Step 5: Change the page appearance with a style sheet. This exercise gives you a taste of formatting content with Cascading Style Sheets.


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12.I always thought of a library as a set of objects and functions that focuses on solving a particular problem or a specific area of application development (i.e. database access); and a framework on the other hand as a collection of libraries centered on a particular methodology (i.e. MVC) and which covers all areas of application development.

Examples of libraries: Network protocols, compression, image manipulation, string utilities, regular expression evaluation, math. Operations are self-contained. Examples of frameworks: Web application system, Plug-in manager, GUI system. The framework defines the concept but the application defines the fundamental functionality that end-users care about